Aryabhatta

1. Prithudak Swami, who has written a commentary on Brahmagupta’s principle of the Brahmasphut, has also mentioned an aarya of Aryabhatta.

Bha panjarah sthiro bhoo rewaavrityaavrity praati dalvaslkau Udayaastamayau sampaadayati nakshatragrahaanaam.

It means that the constellation is stationary and the earth, with its movement, appears to make the plants and stars rise and set.

2. In the Dashageetika chapter of his book, Aryabhattiya, Aryabhatta has clearly written Praane naiti kalaam bhooh which means that in one praan, the earth rotates one degree. (There are 21,600 praans in one day).

Udayo yo Lankaayam sostamayah Savitureva Siddhapure. Madhyanho yavakotyaam romaka Vishayaardharatrah syaat.

—(Aryabhattiya Golapaad-13)

“When the sun rises in Lanka, it sets in Siddhapur; it is afternoon in Yavakoti and midnight in Cilia.”

3.
Planet Aryabhatta’s measurement Today’s measurement
Mercury 0.375 AU 0.387 AU
Venus 0.725 AU 0.723 AU
Mars 1.538 AU 1.523 AU
Jupiter 5.16 AU 5.20 AU
Saturn 9.14 AU 9.54 AU

Distance of the various planets— Aryabhatta has also written about the distances of the various planets from the sun. It is very much similar to the modern measurements. Today, the sun is at a distance of 1.5 x 108kms = 15 crore kms from the earth. It is called AU or Astronomical Unit. On the basis of this proportion, one can reach the conclusion as mentioned in the table.